At present, my country's national economy maintains a sustained, rapid and healthy development, and the macro-control policy and the implementation of a proactive fiscal policy have expanded the domestic demand market. There will be a large number of enterprises in various sectors of the national economy that need to carry out technological transformation in order to improve product quality and economic benefits. In particular, the country has carried out key technological transformations in seven major industries such as metallurgy, petrochemical, and papermaking in the past two years, which will form a greater demand for instruments and meters. In the fields of metallurgy, petrochemical, environmental protection and other continuous production processes, more than 1.3 million sets (sets) of automated instrumentation and control systems are required, of which the main control device (large DCS, small and medium DCS, PLC, single and multi-loop regulators) More than 150,000 sets (sets), about 250,000 transmitters, more than 500,000 detectors, and more than 200,000 regulating valves. The demand for a new generation of fieldbus-type industrial control systems will increase significantly; scientific research, education , agriculture, environmental protection, meteorology, medicine and health, geology and electromechanical industries need more than 1 million instruments per year (25,000 spectrophotometers of various types, 15,000 automobile detectors, 13,000 environmental monitors, and 30,000 medical instruments. With the gradual improvement of people's material living standards, cultural and spiritual living standards will inevitably further improve, the demand for cameras is about 10 million units per year, and the sales volume of copiers is expected to be more than 80,000 units per year. In 1998, the export value of the instrumentation industry was 9.475 billion yuan (the foreign exchange earned by self-operated export was 721 million US dollars), of which automatic instruments accounted for 2.4%, laboratory instruments accounted for 2.02%, analytical instruments accounted for 0.54%, and optical instruments accounted for 4.98% Cameras and equipment accounted for 71.3%, film machinery accounted for 0.23%, and electrical instruments accounted for 6.19%. The main export products are electric energy meters, microscopes, water meters, gas meters, tachometers, thermometers, pressure gauges, pressure reducers, etc.
In 1998, the import value of the instrumentation industry was 2.08 billion yuan, including 233 million U.S. dollars for optical instruments, 105 million U.S. dollars for geodetic and hydrographic surveying, marine hydrology, meteorology and other instruments, 149 million U.S. dollars for flow, liquid level, pressure and other testing instruments. Physical and chemical analysis USD 236 million for electrical instruments, USD 300 million for electricity and ray instruments, USD 101 million for decentralized industrial process control equipment, USD 275 million for automatic adjustment or control instruments and devices, and USD 502 million for unlisted measuring or testing instruments.
2. Production equipment level and key equipment
In the technological transformation of my country's instrumentation industry during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, in view of the outstanding problems such as poor basic process manufacturing conditions and insufficient development capabilities in the industry, precision machining equipment such as machining centers and CNC machine tools have been added to make instrumentation boxes, molds, etc. Machining, template manufacturing, component machining accuracy, and appearance and process quality have been significantly improved. Some key enterprises have also purchased minicomputers, workstations, etc., realizing comprehensive computer management of production and marketing, and improving product development and market adaptability in the instrumentation industry. But in general, the manufacturing technology level of my country's instrumentation industry is still low, and the equipment is still relatively backward. The instrumentation industry has high technical requirements for product manufacturing, but most companies still use ordinary lathes for processing, manual component insertion and testing. To sum up, there are two "four more and four less", that is, in terms of processing: more general equipment, less precision equipment; more general equipment, less advanced equipment; more conventional equipment, less CAM; more general technology, the key Less technology. Equipment: more manual equipment, less mechanical equipment; more manual welding, less automatic welding; more general instruments, less precision instruments; more conventional instruments, less CAT.
In recent years, in accordance with the requirements of the scale of the market economy, the instrumentation industry has intensified the adjustment of the enterprise structure. Through alliances and mergers among enterprises, a group of enterprise groups with strong strength and market competitiveness have been formed, and the production concentration is remarkable. improve. By the end of 1998, there were 31 enterprises with sales revenue exceeding 100 million yuan, of which there were 6 enterprises with sales exceeding 300 million yuan.
The structure of instrumentation products is basically reasonable, and the development of various products is relatively coordinated. At present, a total of 13 categories, 143 subcategories, 800 series and more than 14,000 varieties are produced. Among them, industrial automation instruments account for about 33.5%, scientific testing instruments account for about 33.11%, and cultural office equipment such as films, cameras, copiers, and microforms account for about 34.39%.
China's existing automation instruments and systems are still dominated by analog instruments, with many general products and few high-value-added products with high technical content. Among the more than 7,000 major varieties, digital and intelligent products only account for 20.5%. At present, the level of domestic transmitters is medium and low grade, with small range and few functions, and mainly analog and non-intelligent ones. The reliability index MTBF is 30,000 hours, while the foreign MTBF is more than 80,000 hours. The technical indicators of reliability of most products of actuators are 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of foreign countries.
The accuracy of scientific testing instruments is mostly 0.5-1 grade lower than that of similar foreign products, and the reliability index MTBF of most products is within the range of 2000-3000 hours, which is less than half of similar foreign products. The application of new technologies is small, the level of intelligence is low, the types of application software are few, and the accessories are incomplete.
